Clinical Feature

I. Basis and Study of Performing Invasive Pneumomycosis Diagnosis & Treatment
It took the lead in applying the real-time fluorescence PCR method to conduct early diagnosis and study of the invasive pneumomycosis after organ transplantation. The early diagnosis of the invasive pneumomycosis with the aspergillus antigen detection technology won the Third Prize for Shanghai Excellent Invention in 2018.

II. Diagnosis & Treatment of Bronchial Asthma
In terms of related basic research on asthma pathogenesis, it is first proved by research that the oxidative stress as represented by ozone can aggravate the airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness, induce epithelial damage and promote the secretion of airway mucus. It formulated the asthma control evaluation and standardized treatment strategy adaptive to our national conditions, which improves the overall level of the standardized asthma treatment of our nation. The department is the first to prove the effectiveness of budesonide/formoterol combination in improving the symptom of asthma. In this case, most of the patients with asthma were clinically controlled or well controlled.

III. Clinical Diagnosis & Treatment of Critical Respiratory Disease
It is the first department to work on project of comprehensive diagnosis and treatment of critical respiratory disease in China. It is the first department to perform invasive-noninvasive positive pressure ventilation sequential treatment to cure chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with respiratory failure. For the acute aggregation of pathological and physiological change of chronic respiratory failure, the treatment strategy of sequential mask invasive ventilation after short-term (72 hours) invasive mechanical ventilation treatment improved our overall success rate of treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with respiratory failure in late 1990s to above 85%.
In 2003, the Respiratory Department, settled in Shanghai Infectious Disease Hospital, participated in Shanghai SARS prevention and treatment work and successfully rescued severe SARS patients of Shanghai. Over the years, our department has succesfully rescued tens of thousands of patients with respiratory failure after organ transplantations. We have rich experience in curing respiratory failure after organ transplantation with invasive positive pressure ventilation. In 2009, Professor Zhou Xin as Shanghai medical expert participated in diagnosis and treatment of the patients with severe H1N1 from other regions of the nation. The patient was successfully cured from severe H1N1 complicated with acute respiratory failure.
With regard to the application of new mechanical ventilation technology, our department has always been taking the lead across the country. In 2001, the hospital began to restore the RICU in our department. We were provided with totally nine beds, eight high-end severe case monitoring respirators, 10 noninvasive positive pressure respirators of various kind, dedicated fiber bronchoscope, sputum elimination machine, monitor and defibrillator, all of which make us the largest RICU in Shanghai.

IV. Respiratory Rehabilitation
The respiratory rehabilitation with the core cncept of kinesitherapy has been listed as one of the treatment measures for COPD patients in the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD). Though kinesitherapy is identified as drug therapy, it is hard to apply in long period for a patient due to its monotonous form. As for the recovery and improvement plan for the COPD patients with dyskinesia, the breathing exercises of the respiratory muscle though cannot fundamentally improve the lung function, they play a key role in improving healthy conditions and living quality with an aid of oxygen therapy. Exercises are helpful for the recovery and weaning process the patients who need long-term respiratory support.

V. Respiratory Intervention
As early as the mid 1970s, our hospital conducted fiberoptic bronchoscopy and provided several trainings for populations. We were the first to translate the map of fiber bronchoscope in China. Upon entering the new century, the Endoscopy Room proactively applied the early diagnosis technology for lung tumor including brush biopsy of tracheal mucosa + TCT, X-ray guided TBLB, TBNA, CT guided puncture and cut biopsy/needle aspiration for lung diseases. The comprehensive rate of correct diagnosis reaches to above 80%. In the meantime, it also conducts microwaving/HF electrosurgical excision, high pressure balloon dilatation and placement of airway stent for central airway stenosis, local endoscopic injection, balloon compression hemostasis, gelatin sponge filling and HF electrocoagulation for stubborn hemoptysis. The effective rate exceeds 90%.

Ⅵ. Creative Project
1. CT positioned percutaneous lung centesis: In China, this operation is usually performed by the physicians of the Radiology Department and Intervention Department. Since 2005, our department has cooperated with the Radiology Department and mastered this new technology. The lung puncture cases increases to 150 cases/years from 70 cases/year at first. It is able to cut, puncture or make needle aspiration biopsy for the deep lesion and small lesion with a diameter of 1~2cm from the beginning when it can only deal with that around the lung. The success sampling rate maintains above 90%. The malignant tumor of the lung has a correct diagnosis rate of more than 80%.
2. TBNA/TBLB: We are one of the earliest domestic departments using fiberoptic bronchoscopy. In the mid 1990s, our department took the lead in introducing the fiberoptic bronchoscopy into diagnosis of the severe respiratory diseases. We made a point of care bronchoscopy and successfully performed bronchoscopy for the severe patients who have invasive artificial airway through the natural orifice of human body. We track the progress of domestic and international endoscopic technology such as TBNA. By using TBNA technology, we increase the rate of correct diagnosis of mediastinum disease.
3. Interventional treatment with respiratory endoscope: Since the mid 1990s, the Respiratory Endoscopy Room of our department actively followed the progress of theory and technique at home and abroad and adjusted measures to suit the local conditions. We successfully performed comprehensive treatment for central airway stenosis by microwaving/HF electrosurgical excision, high pressure balloon dilatation and placement of airway stent. It also conducted local endoscopic injection, balloon compression hemostasis, gelatin sponge filling and HF electrocoagulation for stubborn hemoptysis. The effective rate exceeds 90%. In recent five years, the cases of performing interventional treatment per year grow rapidly.