Clinical Feature

（1）Minimally invasive endoscope treatment technology has been applied for 25 years. The department first treated the benign prostatic hyperplasia (BHP) with minimally invasive transurethral holmium laser and 2-μm laster prostate enucleation, which almost has the same effect as open operation. The patient can leave the hospital after 24 hours. At present, all BPH may be treated by transurethral intracavity operation. It maintains about 10 open operations each year.

The Division developed the first 2-μm Tm LRP-TT to treat BPH, i.e. simulate the fingers of the surgeon with laser knife to peel off the hyperplastic prostate tissue like an orange and take it out through the urethra. Little bleeding during the operation (Nature Publishing Group, AJA magazine cover attached with video) greatly improves the safety and effectiveness. It receives high praise from the international scientist review agency of science and technology F1000. The Division has completed clinical cases for 360 persons and 2036 surgical cases. The successful cases also brought 40 relevant units to our hospital for observation and learning.

（2）The Division first performed the percutaneous renal ureteroscope holmium laser and pneumatic lithotripsy positioned by minimally invasive B-ultrasound to treat the complicated renal calculus and achieved good clinical effect. Compared to the minimally invasive standard (nephrostomy diameter F24～26, about 10mm) put forward by other nations, this technology requires a higher standard, i.e. F14～F16, about 5mm. Thus, it is more safe and reliable.

（3）The Division carried out radical prostatectomy under laparoscope early in China and achieved a complete success in treating the patients with prostatic cancer. Other laparoscopic urologic surgical procedures include radical nephrectomy, nephrectomy, adrenalectomy, pyelolithotomy, ureterolithotomy, pyeloplasty and total cystectomy. They all reach domestic leading level.

（4）Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), prostate vaporization, excision of bladder tumour, minimally invasive approach for treating ureterostenosis, urethrostenosis and TVT minimally invasive approach for treating female stress incontinence have become common treatment plan in the Department of Urinary Surgery.

（5）It is able to treat difficult urologic surgical procedures, which improves the cure rate of urinary tumor. It can provide super-selective renal artery intervention therapy to treat renal tumor; radical nephrectomy by taking the intravenous tumor embolus out under extracorporeal circulation support, radical nephrectomy by systematic lymphadenectomy, renal tumor excision with nephron retained, radical cystectomy and orthotopic ileal neobladder, adrenal or ectopic giant pheochromocytoma resection and partial nephrectomy; One-stage urethroplasty of hypospadias.

（6）Renal transplant, a traditional advantage of the Department of Urinary Surgery of our hospital, is the core component of Shanghai Organ Transplantation Center (in Shanghai General Hospital). The types of organ transplantation include cadaveric renal transplantation, autotransplantation of kidney, relative kidney transplantation, liver-kidney transplantation, pancreas-kidney transplantation and kidney-adult islet cells transplantation. Up to now, total kidney transplantation quantity reaches to more than 2,200 cases and the annual transplantation quantity is 100 cases. The youngest and oldest recipients are 11 and 72 years old, respectively. The survival rate of kidney/person in one year is 97.4％/93.2％, that in five years 86.6％/72.2％ and that in 10 years 65.7％/55.1％. The maximum survival time of the transplanted kidney has exceeded 29 years. Its comprehensive technical index maintains at domestic leading position and international advanced level.

（7）The scale and level of the end-stage renal disease come out on top in Shanghai. The Division boasts 89 sets of various blood purification machines including four CRRT treatment machines, ten blood filtering machines and three full-automatic peritoneal dialysis machines. It is able to carry out various blood purification related treatments including dialysis, filtration, replacement and adsorption. The existing patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis exceed 450 cases. The total hemodialysis and hemofiltration have surpassed 66,000 case-time/year and CRRT is nearly 1200 case-time/year. The average survival rate of the patients following hemodialysis in 10 years reaches to 41% and the maximum survival time is about 34 years, one of the longest in Shanghai. At present, there are more than 200 patients having peritoneal dialysis, which grows over 50 cases per year.